Minor Feast of St. Benedict and Thomas Cranmer, 21 March

Today is the minor feast of Benedict, Abbot of Monte Cassino, Italy, (c. 540) and Thomas Cranmer, Translator and Reviser of the Liturgy, Archbishop of Canterbury, Martyr (1556)

Collect of the Day (modified from the Book of Common Worship): O Gracious God, who made thy servant Benedict a wise master in the school of thy service and a guide to many called into community to follow the rule of Christ: grant that we may put thy love before all else and seek with joy the way of thy commandments; and who through the work of thy servant Thomas Cranmer renewed the worship of thy Church and through his death revealed thy strength in human weakness: by thy grace strengthen us to worship you in spirit and in truth and so to come to the joys of your everlasting kingdom; through Jesus Christ our Mediator and Advocate, who sitteth in glory with the Father, and in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, now and for ever. Amen.

Thomas Cranmer
Saint Benedict

Church of England (CoE)

These are the Church of England churches that I have visited.

Last updated: 28 Feb 22

Diocese of London:

St. Paul’s Cathedral, London
BCW Said Communion, Choral Evensong
Broad Church
Year of visit: 2018, 2019
Website: https://www.stpauls.co.uk/
A massive Baroque cathedral, it is beautiful, but lacks the mystique of a Gothic church. I only was able to visit the first time I was there. The second time, I was able to attend a noon-hour said communion service.

Church of All Saints, Margaret Street, London
BCW Low Mass
Anglo-Catholic
Year of visit: Aug 2019
Website: https://asms.uk/
Very beautiful church on the outside and inside (very ornately and richly decorated, no surface was left undecorated). There was a very strong Roman Catholic feel to the mass.

Saint Martin-in-the-Fields, Trafalgar Square, London
Visit only
Year of visit: Aug 2019
Website: https://www.stmartin-in-the-fields.org/
A very beautiful neoclassical baroque church. Famous for its concerts and music.

Saint Stephen’s Church, Gloucester Road, Brompton (South Kensington), London
Roman Missal Said Communion
Anglo-Catholic
Year of visit: Dec 2019
Website: https://www.saint-stephen.org.uk/
A traditional Anglo-Catholic parish that uses a “flying bishop” (the Bishop of Fulham) because of their rejection of the ordination of women. I attended a noon hour said communion held in their Lady Chapel. First time actually seeing a fiddleback chasuble in use. They used the Roman missal for their liturgy and when people bowed/genuflected/crossed themselves was very different from my practices. They used a pink coloured wine for communion.

Diocese of Oxford:

Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford
Visit only
Year of visit: Aug 2019
Website: https://www.chch.ox.ac.uk/cathedral
Part of the tour of Christ Church College. The cathedral was actually smaller than I thought it would be.

University Church of Saint Mary the Virgin, Oxford
BCW Said Communion
Anglo-Catholic
Year of visit: Aug 2019
Website: https://www.universitychurch.ox.ac.uk/
The church where John Henry Newman was vicar and the birthplace of the Oxford Movement. The worship service there was not as high church as I thought it would be (i.e. the priest was people facing rather than altar facing).

Diocese of Winchester:

St. Michael the Archangel Church, Southampton
BCW Sung Communion
Anglo-Catholic
Year of visit: Dec 2019
Website: https://www.stmichaels1070.org.uk/welcometostmichaelschurch.htm
A Norman era church and the oldest church in Southampton. I didn’t realize it was a high church until I walked in and saw the six candles on the high altar. They also used incense during the service. There was a baptism while I was there, so it was nice to see how the CoE did baptisms. This was the first CoE church that I attended that used red wine for their communion.

Royal Peculiar:

Westminster Abbey, London (Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster)
BCP(1662) Said Communion / BCW Said Communion / BCW Morning Prayer / BCP(1662) Choral Evensong
Broad Church
Year of visit: 2017, 2018, 2019
Webite: https://www.westminster-abbey.org/
Westminster Abbey was magical but not as I expected. Despite the Gothic architecture, the liturgy was rather modern. I was the only person who kneeled, bowed, and genuflected. It was my first exposure to the Church of England.

The Church of St. Margaret, Westminster Abbey, London
BCW Said Communion
Broad Church
Year of visit: Aug 2019
Website: https://www.westminster-abbey.org/st-margarets-church
Originally built so that the Benedictine monks could worship in the Abbey apart from the locals. Occasionally, they hold noon hour said communion in St. Margaret’s. A very beautifully decorated church. For said communion, we were a small enough crowd to sit in the quire.

William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury, Martyr, 1645 (10 January)

William Laud by Anthony van Dyck, 1636, Oil on canvas, National Portrait Gallery, London, UK

William Laud became archbishop of Canterbury in 1633. He sought to countered the Puritanism of the era and restore discipline in the Church of England and revive a sense of beauty and dignity in its celebration of the liturgy and by outward acts of reverence.

Parliament impeached him in 1640, and he languished in the Tower of London for over four years. When he was finally brought to trial, he defended himself so ably that Parliament decided to override the judicial process and passed a special act condemning him to death. He was beheaded on 10 January 1645.

Laudโ€™s vision of the Church at prayer survived and became the standard of Anglican liturgical practice for the next two centuries.

Collect: O God, our heavenly Father, who didst raise up thy faithful servant William Laud to be a Bishop in thy Church and to feed thy flock: We beseech thee to send down upon all thy Bishops, the Pastors of thy Church, the abundant gift of thy Holy Spirit, that they, being endued with power from on high, and ever walking in the footsteps of thy holy Apostles, may minister before thee in thy household as true servants of Christ and stewards of thy divine mysteries; through the same Jesus Christ our Lord, who liveth and reigneth with thee in the unity of the same Spirit, one God, world without end. Amen.

O Virgo virginum (O Virgin of Virgins)

The final Advent Antiphon (23 Dec) is O Virgo virginum (O Virgin of virgins). Christmas Eve is tomorrow!

O Virgin of virgins, how shall this be? For neither before thee was any like thee, nor shall there be after. Daughters of Jerusalem, why marvel ye at me? The thing which ye behold is a divine mystery.

O Virgo virginum, quomodo fiet istud? Quia nec primam similem visa es nec habere sequentem. Filiae Jerusalem, quid me admiramini? Divinum est mysterium hoc quod cernitis.

From the English Hymnal

Richard Hooker (2/3 November), Doctor of the Church of England, 1600

Statue of Richard Hooker at Exeter Cathedral

Collect: Grant to us, O God Most High, the gifts of wisdom and understanding, that following the teaching of your servant Richard Hooker, we may cleave without compromise to those saving doctrines on which the faith of your Church is founded, and order all else most fittingly by the rule of love and the bond of peace; through Jesus Christ our Lord, who is alive and reigns with you, in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God, now and for ever. Amen

Richard Hooker was an English priest who died in 1600, and we remember him today as a theologian who defended the Church of England and its choice of โ€œthe middle wayโ€ (via media) between Roman Catholic and Puritan ideologies.

Hooker was educated at Oxford University and devoted himself to scholarship and reflection on the subtle points of theology.

He is mainly remembered for the one great work that he wrote, entitled Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity. This work was addressed to the Puritans because they sought to purify the Church of England according to their own narrow reading of the Bible. Against this movement Hooker argued for a more liberal outlook, which coordinated the testimony of Scripture, the course of Christian history, and the values of human reason, in order to defend the English Church as a communion for all peoples, not just a small group of โ€œsaints.โ€

His defence of Anglicanism is now commonly known as the Three-Legged Stool of Anglicanism, (Scripture, Reason, and Tradition) and has been accepted as the cornerstone of the Anglican faith.

โ€œWhat Scripture doth plainly deliver, to that the first place both of credit and obedience are due; the next whereunto, is what any man can necessarily conclude by force of Reason; after this, the voice of the church succeedeth. That which the Church by her ecclesiastical authority shall probably think and define to be true or good, must in congruity of reason overrule all other inferior judgements whatsoeverโ€ (Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie)

Trafalgar Day Prayers (21 October)

216 years ago, the Royal Navy fleet under the command of Vice-Admiral Viscount Horatio Nelson, Duke of Brontรซ, KB, engaged and defeated the combined French and Spanish fleet off Cape Trafalgar. England was facing invasion by Napoleon, and Nelson knew he had to neutralize the threat, no matter what the cost may be. Outnumbered and outgunned, the Royal Navy defeated the enemy is one of its finest victories in its history; no British ships surrendered during the Battle and 21 enemy ships were captured and one sank. But during the battle, Nelson was struck by a bullet from a French sharpshooter and he would not live to see his victory.

Prior to the Battle, is it recorded that Nelson was found praying in his cabin and he recorded the following prayer:

May the great God, whom I worship, grant to my country and for the benefit of Europe in general, a great and glorious victory: and may no misconduct, in any one, tarnish it: and may humanity after victory be the predominant Feature in the British fleet.
For myself individually, I commit my life to Him who made me And may His blessing light upon my endeavours for serving my Country faithfully.
To Him I resign myself and the just cause which is entrusted to me to defend Amen. Amen. Amen.

Nelson at Prayer, on going into battle at Trafalgar (Horatio Nelson)
by Ferdinand Jean de la Fertรฉ Joubert, printed by McQueen (Macqueen), after Thomas Jones Barker
line engraving, declared to the Printsellers’ Association 14 June 1854, National Portrait Gallery, London

The following prayer from the Book of Common Prayer was probably said by the sailors on board prior to battle:

O Most powerful and glorious Lord God, the Lord of hosts, that rulest and commandest all things: Thou sittest in the throne judging right, and therefore we make our address to thy Divine Majesty in this our necessity, that thou wouldest take the cause into thine own hand, and judge between us and our enemies. Stir up thy strength, O Lord, and come and help us; for thou givest not alway the battle to the strong, but canst save by many or by few. O let not our sins now cry against us for vengeance; but hear us thy poor servants begging mercy, and imploring thy help, and that thou wouldest be a defence unto us against the face of the enemy. Make it appear that thou art our Saviour and mighty Deliverer; through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.

Commemoration of Hugh Latimer and Nicholas Ridley, Bishops and Martyrs(16 October)

16 October is the commemoration of Hugh Latimer and Nicholas Ridley, Bishops and Martyrs, 1555.

Along with Thomas Cranmer, Latimer and Ridley were known as the Oxford Martyrs. Trying to undo the Protestant reforms brought in during the reign of Henry VIII and Edward VI, Latimer, Bishop of Worcester, and Ridley, Bishop of London, were burned at the stake at Oxford in 1555 for heresy under the reign of Mary I. Archbishop Cramner was forced to watch the execution of Latimer and Ridley and he himself would burn at the stake five months later.

Collect for Martyrs: Almighty God, by whose grace and power thy Martyrs, Latimer and Ridley, were enabled to witness to the truth and to be faithful unto death: Grant that we, who now remember them before thee, may likewise so bear witness unto thee in this world, that we may receive with them the crown of glory that fadeth not away; through Jesus Christ our Lord, who with thee and the Holy Spirit liveth and reigneth, one God, for ever and ever. Amen.

Latimer and Ridley, Bishops and Martyrs, 1555

The Minor Feast of Edward the Confessor, King

Saint Edward the Confessor

Today, 13 October, is the minor feast day of Edward the Confessor, King, Westminster, 1066.

Edward was the second-last Anglo-Saxon King of England (his son Harold was defeated by William the Conqueror at Hastings in 1066). The first Anglo-Saxon and the only king of England to be canonized.

Collect: Sovereign God, who set your servant Edward upon the throne of an earthly kingdom
and inspired him with zeal for the kingdom of heaven: grant that we may so confess the faith of Christ by word and deed, that we may, with all your saints, inherit your eternal glory; through Jesus Christ your Son our Lord, who is alive and reigns with you, in the unity of the Holy Spirit, one God, now and for ever. Amen.

Faith during COVID-19

Introduction

I write this in mid-July 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic is not over, I may revise this post as the situation develops/changes.

No one has had an easy time during this COVID-19 pandemic. During the height of COVID-19 (which I hope is behind us) with the lock-down/quarantine/self-isolation/stay-at-home order, things were very dark, compounded unrelated tragedies in Nova Scotia (the mass shooting in the Portapique area and several Canadian Forces members with Nova Scotia ties dying on operations)

Even though things have gotten better in many parts of the world, there is no cure, and there end in sight. At present, we must accept this pandemic and find a way to live with it, the “new normal.”

Like when other disasters and tragedies occurred in the past, people questioned God. “How could God let innocent people die?” “How is God going to protect you from a plague?” No doubt, for some, their faith has been shaken. My faith waivered at times during the pandemic as well, but I found peace with God through prayer and reflection.

Faith in Humanity/The World

While we tend to focus on the bad (i.e. the death toll, the financial disaster caused by COVID-19, the inadequacies of our healthcare system, the selfishness and inconsiderateness of people, the hoarding of toilet paper and other items, the social inequalities that make the poor at higher risk of infection, etc.), there has also been a lot of good that has occurred (friends checked in on each other by social media, phone, or email; people buying groceries for those unable or unwilling to do so; people making/donating masks and PPE items to frontline workers, etc.).

I have been very lucky that I have not lost anyone to COVID-19. I had a dear friend who was diagnosed with COVID-19, was on a ventilator for nearly a month, and survived. He is currently still in convalescence. To be honest, after a week or two on the ventilator, I didn’t think he was going to survive, but miracles do happen, and he did pull through. I prayed for him on many nights, so did his other friends and family.

One of my coping strategies during this pandemic was to find the “small victories,” be grateful of the little things, that I still had a job, able to work from, a lighter work schedule from home, no significant financial worries, but above all, that I was still healthy. I was thankful that I was in a better position than many other people and I tried to help out by giving more to charities and food banks during this pandemic. Another thing that I consider positive during the lockdown was that things โ€œslowed down.โ€ No longer were we in a rush to get things done, there was time for long conversations, time to do hobbies, time to read that book that one started months ago, time for oneself.

Church

One of this things after the pandemic started was a significant shift in how the faithful worshipped, most significantly the closure of churches. While none of us wanted churches to close, it was an eventuality with COVID-19. A large proportion of most churches are more elderly in age, and they were/are at a higher risk of suffering the more severe effects of COVID-19. We also didn’t know much about the disease at the time so churches had to err on the side of caution to be safe.

Ironically, the shutdown coincided with the season of Lent, and many have dubbed it the “Lentiest Lent.” Many hoped that the pandemic would be “over” by Easter and people could worship this most significant season in church. Sadly, that did not happen.

With the closure of churches, many churches turned to the use of technology and held online worship services (i.e. livestreaming or uploading a recorded a church service). I watched a few services, but I found it didn’t meet my faith needs.

I remarked to someone that COVID-19 must be harder than a low-churchman than a high-churchman, since Sunday worship seems to be the central aspect for low-churchmen, but for high-churchmen, there are the Daily Offices and personal prayers and devotionals upon which to fall back. When more evangelical denominations “demanded” certain governments to reopen churches, I was almost dumbfounded. Church is not a physical place, it exists in all of us, and our faith must be strong enough to worship and have a relationship with God even when physically attending church is not possible. That being said, it doesn’t mean that physical church is not necessary and one doesn’t need to attend church, because church provides more than just faith, it provides community, and these are extraordinary times. Faith is not a rigid adherence of rules, one must be flexible, the important thing is your relationship with Christ. My faith and relationship with Christ goes beyond the physical church.

As a high-churchman, I was happy to say Morning Prayer at home on Sunday in lieu of attending church. I have never said this much Morning Prayer in my life (I’m not a morning person and I rarely have the time for it in the morning, Evening Prayer is shorter and I like that is brings closure to my day). On high feast days, I would even burn incense and play recorded sung canticles/Psalms for a more spiritual experience.

Thomas Cranmer created the Daily Offices out of the Canonical Hours (e.g. Matins, Vespers, Compline, etc.), combining them into just two services. As a friend described it, when Cranmer wrote the Book of Common Prayer, he wanted each parish to be like a little monastery. During COVID-19, there was “always” time for prayer, I burned a lot of incense, and I worked on improving my Plainchant and Anglican Chant; and being cloistered up like a monk during the lockdown, it made me feel that it was what was envisioned by Cranmer.

Communion (or the Lord’s Supper)

One of the early significant changes to church services in response to COVID-19 was the implementation of communion in one kind. It was a big deal for some (Article XXX of the 39 Articles of Religion, Of Both Kinds: “The Cup of the Lord is not to be denied to the Lay-people: for both the parts of the Lord’s Sacrament, by Christ’s ordinance and commandment, ought to be ministered to all Christian men alike.” And since Anglicans are common cup people, keeping communion in both kinds was basically impossible.

Also the transition to spiritual communion from the physical act of communion was a huge paradigm shift for some. Pre-COVID-19, due to the nature of my employment, I was not always able to attend church on Sunday, so I would try to attend a weekday said communion service before or after that Sunday which I jokingly called “makeup church,” but that was not always possible. Communion is an act of personal devotion and as I wrote earlier, faith is not a rigid adherence to rules.

It may be surprising to learn that the custom of weekly communion is a relatively new thing in Anglicanism (20th century), brought on by the Oxford Movement (which basically advocated for frequent communion, daily if possible) and the Parish Communion Movement (which made communion the central act of worship on Sunday, prior to that most people just participated in Sunday Morning Prayer or Sunday Evening Prayer (Evensong was a cathedral thing, not typical of a local parish church (remember it was a time when few could read music and text, as well as have time practice the music)). Communion was only required three times a year (with Easter being one of them).

However, non-weekly communion is common among other denominations (as a lot of them emerged in the 19th century). As a Methodist growing up (Methodism grew out of Anglicanism), communion was only celebrated monthly which reflects the pre-Parish Communion/Oxford Movements practice, but as an Anglo-Catholic, I became accustomed to communion at least weekly. At first when churches closed, I was worried, especially with Easter approaching, but these were extraordinary times, and one must adapt to the situation. I do not know when my next communion will occur, but I am not worried, though I do look forward to that day when we can safely celebrate the Lord’s Supper as a community.

The Sunday After Christmas Day and Feast of Thomas Becket

Merry Christmas to all, this fifth day of Christmas and the Sunday after Christmas Day.

Today is also the feast day of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, murdered in Canterbury Cathedral by a group of rogue knights in 1170, 850 years ago.

The 1964 film, Becket, starring Richard Burton and Peter oโ€™Toole, is among many interpretations of the drama of Thomas Becket. I consider it one of my favourite Christmas season films: https://youtu.be/GFQi8tD-NeU